Introduction:
Skin cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors that impact the global healthcare system. It is separated into two groups: smooth muscle cancer (MSC) and non-muscle cell carcinoma (NMSC). More than 90% of all skin tumors are these ones. Skin cancers, of which NMSC is the most prevalent, account for one-third of all cancer diagnoses globally. 1, 2.
MSCs are responsible for the development of melanoma, also known as melanoma or melanoma, which is caused by the activation and proliferation of melanocytes. The skin’s pigment-producing cells are called melanocytes. They secrete a red pigment called melanin, which gives the skin its color and protects it from harmful ultraviolet rays.3 MSC pathogens include both organic and abiotic substances. Genetic alterations have been identified in the ARF repressor gene of transcription factor 2A (CDKN2A) (p14ARF) and in the transcription factor p16INK4A, which are involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. These mutations impair the host immune system, leading to MSC-like skin diseases.4 However, ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a potent inducer of human cancer through several mechanisms, including DNA damage and RNA damage, transcriptional activation, and p53ath. Compared to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or basal cell carcinoma (BCC), UV radiation has a stronger correlation with breast cancer. 5. One of MSC’s primary subtypes is squamous cell carcinoma. (SSC), (2) metastatic melanoma (LMM), (3) adenocarcinoma (ALM), and adenocarcinoma (ALM),4 of which SSC is the most common.6 NMSC is a group of two subtypes, BCC and SCC, that cause breast cancer. With the highest incidence globally, it is the most prevalent cancer in the general population and among Caucasians. 2 The most prevalent cancer in muscle is BCC, which is also the most frequent cancer in humans. 10. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), keratoconus (KS), multiple squamous cell carcinoma (MCC), squamous cell carcinoma (STC), and other types of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) are examples of further NMSCs. 11. The p53 gene undergoes alterations in 90% of SCC and 50% of BCC cases when DNA is damaged by external light, such as UV radiation, which results in p53 inactivation. and the development of NMSC.
Although schizophrenia is one of the most common mental disorders in the world, its incidence and prevalence in different countries, especially in predominantly white countries, are poorly understood. However, as its prevalence has expanded globally, other types have become vulnerable. A description of the types of mental illnesses and their global prevalence, based on previous studies from 2000–2024, can help to understand the current global mental health epidemic.
In this international review, we focus on the prevalence of depression across countries and regions, as well as its associated phenotypes and associations. The aim is to describe the incidence and prevalence of skin cancer across countries, fill in knowledge gaps, and provide recommendations for future interventions to improve skin health globally.
We conducted an extensive literature search using multiple databases, including Google Reader, Search Engine, PubMed, Scopus, Web Resources, Embase, Collected National Institutes of Health and Healthcare Literature (CINAHL), Elsevier, and Springer. We searched for keywords such as “cancer,” “skin cancer,” “skin cancer,” “noncancerous,” “skin cancer,” or similar terms to identify studies conducted between 2020 and 2020.
